How to Build Your Own Solar Cell
這篇是經過兩次翻譯而修改成~英翻中~中轉中
在自然界中材料和能量之間的轉換與循環已經存在了億萬年，但在近幾百年內，人類才開始掌握和控制其中許多循環。我們所研究的人造光合作用不僅為我們人類提供一種潔淨的替代能源，而且是對人類生命圈的一種探索。本文介紹一種利用天然植物染料來製作一個屬於你自己的太陽能電池的簡單方法。
第一步、二氧化鈦膜的製備：
圖一、二氧化鈦粉的研磨
圖二、二氧化鈦膜的製備
圖三、二氧化鈦膜的燒結
如圖一所示，把二氧化鈦粉放入研砵中與黏合劑進行研磨。
如圖二所示、用玻棒緩慢地在導電玻璃上進行塗膜。
如圖三所示，把二氧化鈦膜放在酒精燈上燒結10-15分鐘，然後自然冷卻。
第二步、利用天然染料把二氧化鈦膜著色：
圖四、染料的提取
圖五、反電極的製備
如圖四所示，把新鮮或冰凍的黑苺、山莓、石榴籽或紅木槿茶（Red Hibiscus tea），用一大湯匙的水進行擠壓，然後把二氧化鈦膜放進去進行著色，大約需要五分鐘，直到膜層變成深紅紫色，如果膜層兩面著色的不均勻，可以再放進去浸泡五分鐘，最後用乙醇沖洗，並用柔軟的紙輕輕地擦乾。
第三步、製作輔助電極（Counter electrode）：
電池既需要正電極，也要一個負電極才能夠工作。正電極又稱輔助電極是由塗有導電的SnO2膜層組成的，利用一個簡單的三用電錶就可以判斷玻璃的哪一面是導電的，利用手指也可以做出判斷，導電面較為粗糙。如圖五所示，把非導電面標示”+”，然後用鉛筆在導電面上均勻塗上一層石墨。
圖六、電解質的滴入
圖七、電池的組裝
第四步、加入電解質：
利用含碘離子的溶液作為太陽能電池的電解質，它主要用於將染料還原和再生。如圖六所示，在二氧化鈦膜表面上滴一至兩滴電解質即可。
第五步、組裝電池：
將著色後的二氧化鈦膜面朝上放在桌面，在膜上面滴上一至兩滴含碘離子的溶液的電解質，然後把輔助電極的導電面朝下壓在二氧化鈦上。把兩片玻璃稍微錯開，以便利用暴露在外面的部份作為電極的測試用。利用兩個夾子把電池夾住，這樣，你的太陽能電池就成功了（如圖七所示）。
第六步、電池測試：
在室外太陽光下，可以獲得開路電壓0.4 V，短路電路1 mA/cm2的太陽能電池，如下圖所示：
圖八、電池的測試
-Dr. Greg Smestad (Inventor of the kit)
From：http://www.solideas.com/solrcell/cellkit.html
------------搭搭搭~~以下附上原文~--------------
How to Build Your Own Solar CellEnglish Version
"Cycles of energy and materials have existed on the Earth for billions of years. In a few hundred years, we have come to dominate and control many of these cycles. Our search for artificial photosynthesis is, therefore, not merely to present ourselves with alternatives for powering our society, but it is a search for our place in the Earth's biosphere."
-Dr. Greg Smestad (Inventor of the kit)Step 1 - Stain the Titanium Dioxide with the Natural Dye: Stain the white side of a glass plate which has been coated with titanium dioxide (TiO). This glass has been previously coated with a transparent conductive layer (SnO), as well as a porous TiOfilm. Crush fresh (or frozen) blackberries, raspberries, pomegranate seeds, or red Hibiscus tea in a tablespoon of water. Soak the film for 5 minutes in this liquid to stain the film to a deep red-purple color. If both sides of the film are not uniformly stained, then put it back in the juice for 5 more minutes. Wash the film in ethanol and gently blot it dry with a tissue.
Step 2 - Coat the Counter Electrode: The solar cell needs both a positive and a negative plate to function. The positive electrode is called the counter electrode and is created from a "conductive" SnO coated glass plate. A Volt - Ohm meter can be used to check which side of the glass is conductive. When scratched with a finger nail, it is the rough side. The "non-conductive" side is marked with a "+." Use a pencil lead to apply a thin graphite (catalytic carbon) layer to the conductive side of plate's surface.
Steps 3 & 4 - Add the Electrolyte and Assemble the Finished Solar Cell: The Iodide solution serves as the electrolyte in the solar cell to complete the circuit and regenerate the dye. Place the stained plate on the table so that the film side is up and place one or two drops of the iodide/iodine electrolyte solution on the stained portion of the film. Then place the counter electrode on top of the stained film so that the conductive side of the counter electrode is on top of the film. Offset the glass plates so that the edges of each plate are exposed. These will serve as the contact points for the negative and positive electrodes so that you can extract electricity and test your cell.
Use the two clips to hold the two electrodes together at the corner of the plates.
The output is approximately 0.43 V and 1 mA/cm2 when the cell is illuminated in full sun through the TiO side.材料：(暫定)
三用電錶
導電玻璃（SnO2單面）
鉛筆
研砵組
加熱台
黏合劑
二氧化鈦粉
黑苺、山莓、石榴籽或紅木槿茶
碘與碘離子的溶液
---------下面是反應機構~可以了解為什麼使用染料加TiO2跟一些材料就可以進行太陽能轉換----------
補注：
染劑通常具有多pi結構,就是雙鍵結構,因此當光照射染劑,使得染劑的電子激發,因此傳遞到TiO2再與電解質層的I-/I3-進行電子交換,因此就可以得到電流,大致上是這樣.
